Quantum Computation

Computers are getting smaller and faster day by day because electronic components are getting smaller and smaller. But this process is about to meet its physical limit.

Electricity is flow of electrons. Since size of transistors is shrinking to size of few atoms, transistors cannot be used as switch because electron may transfer themselves to the other side of blocked passage by the process called quantum tunnelling.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that explores physical world at most fundamental level. At this level particle behave differently from classical world taking more than one state at the same time and interacting with other particles that are very far away. Phenomena like superposition and entanglement take place.